Form Four Geography pre-national papers
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2026 Form Four Geography September mid-term / pre-national exam (013)
Time: 3:00 hours · Section A: 16 marks · Section B: 54 marks · Section C: 30 marks · Map extract of Hanang (Sheet 84/4)
Instructions: Answer all questions in Sections A and B and any two from Section C. Map extract of Hanang (Sheet 84/4) is provided in the original paper.
How to use this page: choose an option and click Check Answer for MCQs. For matching and written questions, answer on paper first, then click View Answer.
SECTION A (16 marks) — Multiple Choice
(i) A mountain “vomiting fire and smoke” (e.g. Oldonyo Lengai) is:
(ii) Land with vegetation sliding down a slope is an example of:
(iii) Time at town X is 12:00 noon; at town Y it is 8:00 am. Longitude of town Y?
(iv) When someone crosses the International Date Line eastward:
(v) In a de jure census:
(vi) Temperature of Dar es Salaam (1000 m) is 29°C. Temperature of Dodoma (800 m)?
(vii) Most navigable rivers in East Africa are of limited use for navigation mainly because of:
(viii) Map with 2 cm representing 8.4 km on the ground. Representative fraction?
(ix) A Stevenson’s screen is painted white in order to:
(x) Coastal forests with deep roots projecting above mud and water (to absorb oxygen) are:
SECTION A — Matching (6 marks)
Match List A (ocean features) with List B.
| # | List A |
|---|---|
| i | Gentle slope margin of a continent occupied by shallow water |
| ii | Long narrow steep-sided depression plunging from the deep-sea plain |
| iii | Piece of land surrounded by water |
| iv | Raised part of the ocean floor |
| v | Point where continental shelf forms a steep slope toward the ocean basin |
| vi | Extensive undulating areas of the ocean floor |
Correct matches: i-E, ii-I, iii-G, iv-D, v-B, vi-C
- i → Continental shelf
- ii → Oceanic trench / deep
- iii → Island
- iv → Abyssal hill
- v → Continental slope
- vi → Deep sea plain
SECTION B (54 marks)
3. Map extract of Hanang (Sheet 84/4): (a) Area of Balangida lake. (b) Three ways of depicting relief. (c) Bearing of A (680180) to B (720220). (d) Three rock types. (e) Statement scale.
(a) Measure on the actual map and convert using the printed scale.
(b) Contours; spot heights; trigonometrical points.
(c) ΔE = 40, ΔN = 40 → bearing ≈ 045°.
(d)–(e) Require the actual map legend and printed scale.
4. Milk production 2009–2013: 40, 60, 80, 90, 110 litres.
(a) Divergent bar graph. (b) Two merits and two demerits. (c) Two other methods. (d) Mean and median.
(a) Plot years on x-axis, litres on y-axis; bars of heights 40, 60, 80, 90, 110.
(b) Merits: easy comparison; clear trend. Demerits: misleading if scale is poor; less suitable for many categories.
(c) Line graph; pictograph.
(d) Mean = 76 litres; Median = 80 litres.
5. (a) First eight stages of the research process. (b) Four characteristics of a research hypothesis.
(a) Identify problem; review literature; formulate objectives/questions; formulate hypothesis; design methodology; collect data; process and analyse; interpret and report.
(b) Clear and specific; testable; states expected relationship; consistent with existing knowledge.
6. Linear survey for boundary conflict: (a) Three procedures. (b) Three marking equipment. (c) Three common errors.
(a) Reconnaissance; range the survey line; measure and record.
(b) Ranging poles; arrows/chain pins; pegs.
(c) Incorrect ranging; incorrect reading/recording; sag or slope error.
7. Photograph: (i) Dominant tree. (ii) Three possible regions. (iii) Climate. (iv) Three relief features. (v) Two land uses.
(i) Cactus.
(ii) Dodoma; Singida; Shinyanga (semi-arid areas).
(iii) Hot and dry climate with low, unreliable rainfall and a long dry season.
(iv) Mountains/hills; upland/plateau; plain or gently undulating lowland.
(v) Livestock keeping; tourism/recreation.
8. Three features of the upper course and three of the lower course of a river.
Upper: Steep gradient / strong vertical erosion; V-shaped valleys and interlocking spurs; waterfalls, rapids and potholes.
Lower: Wide flat flood plains; meanders and ox-bow lakes; deltas or distributaries.
SECTION C (30 marks) — Answer any two
9. “Urban development is a new threat to our environmental beauty.” Six points.
Destruction of vegetation and green spaces; soil erosion and run-off from construction; air pollution from industries and vehicles; solid-waste pollution; increased flooding from impermeable surfaces; encroachment on wetlands and habitats. (Introduction + six points + conclusion.)
10. Six negative effects of tourism in East Africa.
Environmental degradation; disturbance of wildlife; pollution (waste, sewage, emissions); cultural commercialisation; competition for land and water; economic vulnerability when tourist numbers fall. (Introduction + six points + conclusion.)
11. Six economic sectors developed through the Blue Economy in Tanzania.
Fisheries and aquaculture; maritime transport and ports; marine and coastal tourism; oil and natural gas; renewable ocean energy; marine biotechnology and other marine industries. (Introduction + six points + conclusion.)
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